Leaving it all behind: Evolution of the work environment and liminal spaces in the new Industrial Revolution 4.0

he first and second industrial revolutions were centred on industrial production factories and bureaucratic buildings as fundamental locations for employees to conduct their daily work. The third industrial revolution began to change this trend; in the last decades, the growth and popularity of technical innovations redesigned the work model, and organisations redirected their efforts to technological tools to replace manual processes. The advances and expansion of information and communication technologies and the accessibility to “any time, anywhere” work models have enabled employees to carry out work activities at remote and flexible locations. Perhaps most notably, flexible, remote and virtual work from home have become widely accepted and, at times, vital to maintaining and fostering organisational success. This trend, further fuelled by Covid-19, appears to be here to stay, hence leading to the question of how does it influence employee well-being?